A Spectrum of Constructive, Live and Virtual Capabilities Support Training, Planning & Analysis

Lots of detail does not necessarily imply accuracy, fidelity or functional completeness

Level of Detail

High

Low

Aggregated

Constructive

Entity Level

Constructive

Ranges &

Live Exercises

War

• Closed for analysis

• Interactive for Training

• Units normally are Battalions or higher

• Environmental effects aggregated

• Usually deterministic, not stochastic

• Attrition often based on Lanchester differential equations

• Entity states not maintained

• Closed for analysis

• Interactive for training & planning

• Player inputs tactics or uses SAF

• Generally “stochastic”

• More detailed environment

• Acquisition is modeled

• 2-D Graphics with 3-D Display

• Virtual, always interactive

• Principally for training

• 3-D graphics with 2-D display

• Acquisition by humans

• Principally for distributed play

• OPFOR is primarily constructive

• Protocol standards enforced

Large

Low

• Real Platforms

• Emulated weapons delivery

• Simulated BDA

• Acquisition by HITL in real environment

• Training and procurement support

• Simulations used for fire control solutions, sensor pointing, guidance and control

Tactical

Simulators