Distance and Elevation Angle

s

Note that the red points do not map

N

An augmented projection produces

another 2D system; note that there

are now two distortions with respect

to the original orthonormal system.

Distance is distorted by the projection

This process can be extended to the 3D case, but even if the projection is conformal, elevation angles are distorted by the augmentation.

s

s

s

Z

X

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