PPT Slide

Concepts of the Geophysical Methods

Electrical and Electromagnetic Methods

Passive

Application -- Detection of and Monitoring for

Electromagnetic Signals from Tunnels

Requires --

Surface Electrodes

Magnetometers

Wire Loops

Receiver Electronics

Active

I

V

c

c

p

p

1

2

2

1

1

2

Electrical Resistivity Method

Application -- Detection of Cavities

and Tunnels

Requires --

Surface Electrodes

Magnetometers

Wire Loops

Receiver Electronics

Transmitters

Types --

Electrical Resistivity

Electromagnetic Induction

Ground Penetrating Radar

1

2

Tx

Rx

Electromagnetic

Induction Method

Hp

Hs

file:tunnel10

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